Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 Notes Chapter 4 Science

Practice Compounsd and its Compounds Sample Questions. About This Chapter � In this chapter, we will study the characteristics of Carbon. This includes its covalent nature and its versatility: carrbon it forms millions of saturated and unsaturated compounds structured in 10th ncert carbon 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick and compounds quick, branches, or rings.

Through this NCERT Class 10, Chapter 4 you will understand the importance of carbon as the basis for all 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick living organisms and many of the things we use. You will also learn how these compounds are named based on how the functional groups are attached. The Caarbon and its compounds chapter also provide insights into isomers, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, allotropes of carbon and the fundamentals of a homologous series.

The chapter also covers 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick Carbon Quick 10th Compounds And Ncert the four main chemical reactions: combustion, oxidation, addition, and substitution. Additionally, you will learn about the properties of Ethanol and Ethanoic acid and the chemical properties of soaps and detergents. 10th ncert carbon and compounds quick Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Test these sample questions will help students to score good marks in this chapter. If you have any 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Ncert Solutions Class 10th Acids Bases And Salts Twitter Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick query regarding this article on NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 4, leave your comments in ncerh comment section below and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

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Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid. It is obtained by treating of oil with caustic soda. Sodium stearate is thus a salt of weak acid and strong base. Its water solution will be slightly alkaline and will turn red litmus red. Unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen in presence 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick of catalysts such as palladium or nickel to give saturated hydrocarbons. This process is called hydrogenation. C 3 H 6 and C 2 H 2 will undergo addition reactions.

Butter and cooking oil can be differentiated with the help of bromine water test. Cooking oil will decolorize the red colour of bromine water Quick 10th Carbon And Ncert Compounds on shaking while butter will not. Soap are sodium or potassium salt of fatty acids. Two ends of molecules of soap behave differently.

This ionic end is hydrophilic and it is oriented towards water. The other hydrocarbon end is hydrophobic and it is oriented towards dirt which is oily in nature. A micelle 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick formation around the oily dirt takes place. When flushed with excess of water, the micelle containing the dirt is removed, thus cleaning the clothes, etc. Ncert solution Compounds Carbon And Ncert Quick 10th class 10 Science includes text book solutions from Book.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Question 16 Why 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications? Solution: Carbon and its compounds are used as fuels for most of the applications because they burn in air releasing a lot of heat energy. Question 17 Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap. Solution: The precipitate 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick form of scum is formed when soap is used for washing clothes.

With hard water, a large amount of soap is wasted in reacting with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form an insoluble precipitate. The precipitate form formed by the action of hard water on soap, sticks to the clothes being washed and interferes with the cleaning ability of the additional soap.

This makes the cleaning of clothes difficult. Question 18 What change will you observe 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick if you test soap with litmus paper red and blue? Solution: Soap is the salt of a strong base NaOH and a weak acid carboxylic acid , so 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick Compounds Ncert And Carbon Quick 10th a solution of soap in water is basic in nature. Being basic, a soap solution turns red litmus paper blue. Question 19 What is hydrogenation? Solution: Compounds Ncert Quick And Carbon 10th It is a class of chemical reactions in which the net result is addition of hydrogen H 2 to unsaturated organic compounds such as alkenes, alkynes, etc.10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick

Hydrogenation is widely applied to the processing of vegetable oils and fats. Complete hydrogenation converts unsaturated fatty acids to saturated ones. From the above hydrocarbons C 2 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick H 2 is an alkyne, whereas C 3 H 6 is an alkene. So, C 3 H 6 and C 2 H 2 will undergo addition reactions. Question 21 Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil.

Solution: Bromine water test can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil. Add bromine water to a little of cooking oil and butter taken in separate test tubes.

Decolourising of bromine water by 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick cooking oil unsaturated compound b. Butter saturated compound does not decolourise bromine water. Question 22 Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps. Solution: We all know that soap is used to remove dirt and and grime from substances. Generally dirt and grime get stuck because they have an oily component, which is difficult to remove, by plain brushing or washing by water.

A soap molecule has two parts, a head and a tail i. A soap molecule has 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick a tadpole like structure shown below. The organic part is water insoluble but is soluble in organic solvents or in oil or grease. The ionic part is soluble in water, as water is a polar solvent.

When soap is added to water in which dirty clothes are soaked, the two parts of the 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick soap molecule dissolve in two different mediums. When the clothes are rinsed or agitated, the dirt gets pulled out of the clothes, by the soap molecule. In this way soap does its cleaning work on dirty and grimy clothes or hands.

The micelle pulls out the dirt and grime more efficiently. Question 23 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent? Solution: We would not be able to check whether a sample of water is hard by using a detergent, this is because a detergent forms lather easily even with hard water. Question 24 People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Solution: It is necessary to shake to get clean clothes because the soap micelles, which entrap oily or greasy particles on the surface of dirty clothes, have to be removed from their surface.

When the clothes which are wet by soap solution are beaten, the micelles containing oil or greasy dirt particles get removed from the surface of dirty clothes and go into water and the dirty cloth gets cleaned. Question 1. Buckminster fullerene is an allotropic form 10th Ncert Compounds Quick Carbon And of [NCERT Exemplar] a phosphorus b sulphur c carbon d tin Answer: c Buckminster fullerene is an allotrope of carbon containing clusters of 60 carbon atoms joined together to form spherical molecules.

Its formula isC 60 C-sixty. It is a dark solid at room temperature and as compared to another allotropic form of 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick carbon diamond and graphite , it is neither very hard nor soft. Question 2. Question 3. In which of the following. Question 4. The long hydrocarbon chain is 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick Compounds Carbon Ncert 10th Quick And hydrophobic water repelling and ionic portion is hydrophilic water attracting.

Question 5. Its formula is C 6 H 6. In structure b formula is C 6 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick H In structure a double bond is not at alternate position. Question 6. Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon? Rest three are straight 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick chain hydrocarbons. Question 7. Which among the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons? Both ii and iv structures have triple and double carbon-carbon bonds respectively.

Question 8. Chlorine reacts 10th Carbon Ncert Quick And Compounds with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in the [NCERT Exemplar] a absence of sunlight b presence of sunlight c presence of water d presence of hydrochloric 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick acid Answer: b Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbon at room temperature in the presence of sunlight. Question 9. In the above given reaction, alk. Question Butanone is 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick a four carbon compound with functional group [NCERT Exemplar] a carboxylic acid b aldehyde c ketone d alcohol Answer: c In butanone, the functional group is.

Which of the following does not belong to the same homologous series? Thus, C 4 H 10 is the next member of this series. So, C 4 H 8 does not belong to the homologous series.

Which of the following are correct structural isomers of butane? Since, molecular formula is same, only structures are 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick different. So, i and iii are isomers while structures ii and iv have molecular formulaC 4 H 8.

In a soap micelle, the soap molecules are Ncert Quick 10th Compounds Carbon And arranged readily with hydrocarbon ends directed towards the centre and ionic ends directed outwards. Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or nickel catalyst form fats. This is an example of [NCERT Exemplar] a addition reaction b substitution reaction c displacement reaction d oxidation reaction Answer: a Oils are unsaturated compounds 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick containing double bonds.

Addition reactions are characteristic property of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The given reaction is an example of addition reaction. Carbon forms four covalent bonds by 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick sharing its four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e. Atomic number of Ne is Its electronic K L configuration is 2,8.

Therefore, after the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of neon. Mineral acids are stronger acids than carboxylic acids because i mineral acids are completely ionised.

While cooking, 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that [NCERT Exemplar] a food is not cooked completely b the fuel 10th And Carbon Compounds Quick Ncert 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick is not burning completely c fuel is wet d fuel is burning completely Answer: b The unburnt particles of the fuel present in smoke blacken the vessel 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick from outside.

The reaction in which a reagent partially or completely replaces atom or group of atoms from saturated compounds or A are called B reaction. Here, 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick A and B respectively refers to a unsaturated compounds, addition b unsaturated compounds, substitution c benzene, substitution d alkene, addition Answer: c Substitution reaction is usually 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick given by saturated compounds and benzene. Unsaturated compounds usually give addition reactions.

Which structure do the ester compounds in the table have in common? Answer: d All esters have the common structure of carboxylic group represented by the suffix date. Carbon is an important constituent of the foods, fuels, household and commercial articles, textile 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick fabrics, perfumes, explosives, dyes, war gases etc.

Allotropes of Carbon An element, in different forms, having different physical properties but similar chemical properties is known as 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick Carbon 10th And Compounds Quick Ncert allotropes of that element.

Carbon has three well known allotropes which are graphite, diamond and buck minster fullerene. Fullerene: This is another class of carbon allotropes. The 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick first one to be identified was C which has carbon atoms arranged in the shape of a football. Since this looked like the geodesic dome designed by the US architect Buckminster Fuller, the molecule was named fullerene.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons: Compounds consist of a single, double or triple bond between carbon-carbon atoms. Cycloalkanes: These hydrocarbons possess one or multiple carbon rings. The hydrogen atom is attached to the carbon ring.

Aromatic hydrocarbons: These are also called as arenes. Arenes are compounds which consist of at least one aromatic ring. Soaps: Ester of higher fatty acids is called soap. It is manufactured by the reaction of caster of higher fatty acid with sodium hydroxide. The sodium salt so formed has cleansing property.

Detergents: Soap cannot form lather in hard water. To overcome this problem, detergents 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick were introduced. Detergent is also known as soapless soap. Detergent is sodium salt of benzene sulphonic acid or sodium salt of long chain alkyl hydrogen sulphate. Oxidation 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick Reactions: Though combustion is generally an oxidation reaction, not all oxidation reactions are combustion reactions. Oxidation is also carried out by using oxidizing agents Oxidants.

Addition reactions: Unsaturated organic compounds, like alkenes and alkynes, undergo addition reactions to become saturated in nature. Substitution reactions are single displacement reactions. If you have any query 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick regarding this article or NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science, leave your comments in the comment section below and we will get back to you as soon 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick And Ncert Quick Carbon Compounds 10th possible.

Answer: Question 2 What would be electron dot structure of sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur. Answer: Page Number: 68 � 69 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick And Ncert 10th Compounds Quick Ncert Solutions Of Class 10th Maths Chapter 8 Table Carbon 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick Question 1 How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane? Answer: i Bromoethane ii Methanal iii 1 � Hexyne Page Number: 71 Question 1 Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction? Page Number: 74 Question 1 How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic Carbon And Ncert Quick 10th Compounds acid?

Answer: Differences between alcohol and carboxylic acid Test Alcohol Carboxylic acid i Litmus test No change in colour. Blue litmus solution turns red. Does not happen 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick so. Page Number: 76 Question 1 Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent? Answer: Question 6 What is a homologous series? Cooking oil decolourises bromine water showing that it is an unsaturated compound.

Butter does not decolourise bromine water showing that it is a saturated compound. Solution: 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick Question 2 What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur, which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur? Solution: Question 6 Draw the structures for the following compounds. Hexanal Solution: Question 7 How would you name the following compounds?

Hexyne Question 8 Why is the conversion of Compounds And Quick Carbon 10th Ncert ethanol to Ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction? Question 12 Draw the electron dot structures for- Solution: Question 13 What is a homologous series?

Butter saturated compound does 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick not decolourise bromine water Question 22 Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps. Butanone is a four carbon compound with functional group [NCERT Exemplar] a 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick Ncert Compounds Carbon And 10th Quick carboxylic acid b aldehyde c ketone d alcohol Answer: c In butanone, the functional group is Question The table gives information about some esters and the 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick fragrance they produce.

Graphite: In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in the same plane giving a hexagonal array. One of these 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick bonds is a double-bond, and thus the valency of carbon is satisfied. Graphite structure is formed by the hexagonal arrays being placed in layers one above the 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick Ncert Quick 10th Carbon Compounds And other. Unlike other non-metals graphite is a very good conductor of electricity. Diamond: In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms forming a rigid three-dimensional structure.

Diamond is the hardest substance known while graphite is smooth and slippery. Diamonds can be synthesized by subjecting pure carbon to very high 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick pressure and temperature.

These synthetic diamonds are small but are otherwise indistinguishable from natural diamonds. Carbon shares its four valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick with atoms of other elements. These electrons contributed by the atoms, for mutual sharing in order to acquire the stable noble gas configuration is called covalencv 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick of that atom. Hence, carbon shows tetracovalency. The simplest molecule formed by sharing of electrons i.

Versatile Nature of Carbon Catenation: It is the unique property of 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick self linkage of carbon atoms by means of covalent bonds to form straight chains, or branched chains, or the rings of different sizes.

Tetracovalency: Due to small 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick size, and presence of four valence electrons, carbon can fonn strong bonds with other carbon atoms, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulphur, etc. For example, compounds of carbon with hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Multiple Bond Formation: Due to small size, it forms multiple bonds i. Isomerism: The phenomenon by means of which the carbon 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Quick compounds with same molecular formula show different structures, and properties.

Prefix is added for only Halo group and for rest of the functional groups suffix is added.

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