Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key
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The port of Surat and Hooghly were mainly used by Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key the local merchants. As the Europeans took control of the industry, they lost significance and by s, these ports decayed and Bombay and Calcutta emerged as the new trading centers.
As the British wanted to monopolise and take full control of the textile trade, by appointing gomasthas, Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key hence they aimed at eliminating the existing traders and brokers. They were appointed to supervise the weavers, examined the quality of cloth and collect the required.
During those times, industrialisation was in Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key an early or establishing stage when industries came up in England and Europe, and mass-production for international market was undertaken. They took the following steps:. They were bound as the Company advanced loans to purchase the raw materials for the order given.
Write your piece using information Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key from the entire chapter. Orient: Orient refers to the countries that lie to the east of the Mediterranean in Asia. This term depicts the western perception of this region as traditional, mysterious, Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key and pre-modern. Stapler: A person who mainly works with the wool by categorizing it or attaching it depending on the fiber. Spinning Jenny: A machine in which turning one single wheel Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key would set many spindles in motion and spin several threads at the same time.
Sepoy: The Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key British pronunciation of the Hindi word sipahi, meaning an Indian soldier who served in the British Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key arm force. Fly Shuttle: A mechanical device for weaving that places horizontal threads over vertical threads, and is moved using ropes and pullies.
They were appointed to supervise the weavers, examined the quality of cloth and collect the required Ques. Industries like bookbinding, Christmas-related industries etc. Machines Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key were expensive and required timely repair. For this reason, hand labour was preferred.
Moreover, in nineteenth-century Europe, demands for intricately designed, hand made goods was high as they symbolized class and refinement.
Also, some goods that were used in the nineteenth century Europe could not be manufactured using Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key machines due to their requirement for high skill labour.
They took the following steps: a They established their political power and monopolised their right to trade. The earliest contribution was made by James Hargreaves who invented the Spinning Jenny in It sped up the pace of spinning work significantly.
Following this in , John Key invented the Fly Shuttle, which sped up the weaving Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key process. Then it was Richard Arkwright who created the cotton mill which helped to manage and organize the cotton textile production under one roof.
The invention of the steam engine and Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key discovery of steam power helped the mills to increase their production in a very short span of time, even with less labour. This can be understood by the following examples:. Now animals were slaughtered for food at the starting point in America, Australia or New Zealand and then exported to Europe where meat was scarce. The poor in Europe could now add meat to Class For Key Chapter Ncert 4 10th History Solutions their diet. Question 5. What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement?
In this system, Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key national currencies were pegged to the dollar at a fixed exchange rate. Question 6. Imagine that Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key you are an indentured Indian labourer in the Caribbean. Drawing from the details in this chapter, Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key write a letter to your family describing your life and feelings.
Actually the agents, who hired me and others, provided false information about final destinations, modes of travel, the nature of the Solutions History Ncert 10th Chapter Key Class For 4 work, and living and working conditions. We are forced to live in harsh conditions. What 4 For Ncert Solutions History Key Chapter Class 10th is more we have been given few legal rights. I am very upset and so are Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key my fellow indentured labourers. In spite ofour best efforts, most of us fail to do the works allotted to us properly and in given time frame.
In case of absenteeism from work, Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key one is prosecuted and even sent to jail. Deductions are also made from wages if the work is considered to have been done unsatisfactorily. Many labourers cannot therefore earn their full wages and are punished in various ways. Actually, we are slaves without any rights and freedoms. I am afraid I can lose my family. Although I am in great trouble, I have full faith in God. One day He will shower His blessings on me and my fellow Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key labourers.
Yours Raman. Question 7. Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange. Find one example of each type of flow which involved India and Indians, and For 4 History 10th Solutions Ncert Key Chapter Class write a short account of it. Answer: The three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange are:. With industrialisation, British cotton manufacture began to expand and industrialists pressurised the government Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key to restrict cotton imports and protect local industries.
Tariffs were imposed on cloth imports into Britain. As a result, the inflow of fine Indian cotton began to decline. But the value Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key of British exports to India was much higher than the value of British imports from India. Britain used this surplus to balance its trade deficits with other countries.
By helping Britain balance its deficits, India played a crucial role in the late nineteenth century world economy. Question 8. Explain the causes of the Great Depression. Answer: The Great Depression began around and lasted till the mids.
During this period most parts of the world experienced catastrophic decline in production, Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key employment, incomes and trade. The depression was caused by a combination of several factors:. As prices fell and agricultural incomes declined, farmers tried to expand production Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science Chapter 3 Class and bring a larger volume of Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key produce to the market to maintain their overall income.
This worsened the glut an excessive supply Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key in the market, pushing down prices even further. Farm produce rotted as there were no buyers. While it was often extremely easy to raise loans in the US when the going Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key was good, the US overseas lenders panicked at the first sign of trouble.
A year later it was one quarter of that amount. Countries that depended crucially on US loans now faced an acute crisis. The withdrawal of the US loans affected much of the rest of the Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key world. In Europe, it led to the failure of some major banks and the collapse of currencies such as the British pound sterling. In Latin America and elsewhere it intensified the 4 Ncert 10th Solutions Class For Chapter Key History fall in agricultural and raw material prices. With the fall in prices and the prospect of depression, the US banks also slashed domestic lending and called back loans.
Faced with falling incomes, many households in the US could not repay what they had borrowed. Ultimately, the US banking Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key system collapsed. Thousands of banks went bankrupt and were forced to close. Question 9. Explain what is referred to as the G countries. In what ways can G be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins? Answer: The group of 77 or G is a loose coalition of developing countries. It was designed to promote the collective economic Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key interests of its members.
By the NIEO, the member nations meant a system that would give them real control over their natural resources, more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials, Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key and better access for their manufactured goods in the markets of the developed countries.
They wanted to stop immediately the powerful countries like the US from exploiting their natural resources. There were 77 founding members but the group has since expanded to around member countries. The G can be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins i. These institutions Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key did nothing for the economic growth of former colonies and developing countries.
They were still facing grim poverty and wanted to come out of it by strengthening their economic condition. Hence, they grouped together for collective welfare. Project Find out more about gold and diamond mining in Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Key South Africa in the nineteenth century.
Who controlled the gold and diamond companies? Who were the miners and what were their lives like? Answer: For self-attempt. Britain decides to import food items.
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